C++ — cpp_03

C++ Programmirleme sapaklary (http://www.tmolympiad.org/)
Nabelliler.
Nabelliler - programmada bir zady yatda saklamak ucin ulanylyan yerler. Olara yuzlenmek ucin olaryn
oz atlary bolyar. Atlaryny bilyan bolsan, olaryn yadyndaky zady okap yada uytgedip bilyarsin. We
nabellilerin gornushleri bolyar. Kabirleri san saklap bilseler, kabirleri harp, kabirleri bolsa uzyn yazgy
saklayarlar.
Nabellileri atlary manyly bolmaly. Meselem doglan_yil nabellisini birinin doglan gunini saklamak ucin
ulanyp bolyar. Olary oz icinde saklayan maglumady bolyar we maglumat onyn gornushine gora
uytgeyar.
Nabellileri tanatmak
C++ nabellileri ulanmak islesen olary basda tanatmaly. Ine senin adyn shu bolsyn we sen shuny
yadynda sakla. Mana gerek wagty aydarsyn we islan wagtym senin yadyndakyny uytgederin diyyan
yaly. Biz olary maglumat saklamak ucin ulanyarys.
Onda name bashlaly, meselem:
2 sany nabelli tanadyaryn. Atlary doglan_yil we shu_yil. Men olaryn icinde san saklamak isleyarin.
Tanatmak ucin int diyip yazyaryn we olaryn atlary. int bu yerde onyn gornushi, yagny san saklamak
ucin.
int doglan_yil;
int shu_yil;
Egerde men soz saklamak islesem,
int ady;
diyip yazamokda
string ady;
diyip yazyaryn. Sebabi string-ler soz saklamak ucin we int-de soz saklap bolmayar!
Bahalaryny uytgetmek
Nabellinin bahasyny (icinde saklayan maglumadyny) uytgetmek islesen, onyn adyny yazyan, dendir
belgisi goyyan we taze bermek isleyan maglumadyn.
Meselem,
shu_yil = 2006;
doglan_yil = 1989;
Shu wagt shu_yil nabellisinin icinde 2006 saklanyar we doglan_yil-in icinde 1989.
Yenede bir nabelli tanadaly we baha bereli.
int yas;
yas = shu_yil – doglan_yil;
Bu yerde yas diyip taze nabelli tanadyarys we onyn bahasyny shu_yil - doglan_yil goyyarys. Onyn

C++ Programmirleme sapaklary (http://www.tmolympiad.org/)
bahasy 2006-1989=17 bolyar.
Nabellilerin bahasyny ekrana yazmak
Gecen sapakdaky cout ulanmaly. Ansatjak.
Meselem,
cout << “Shu wagt ” << shu_yil << “-nji yil!” << endl;
cout << “Sen ” << doglan_yil << “-nji yilda dogulan bolsan, ” << endl;
cout << yas << “ yashynda bolmaly!” << endl;
Yokarky programma shuny yazyar:
Shu wagt 2006-nji yil!
Sen 1989-nji yilda dogulan bolsan,
17 yashynda bolmaly!
Koprak meselemler;
cout << “a=” << a << “ b=” << b << endl;
cout << shu_yil << “ ayirmak ” << doglan_yil << “ dendir ” << yas << endl;
cout << “Sen indiki yil ” << yas+1 << “ yasynda bolarsyn!” << endl;
Nabellileri okamak
cin diyip cout-yn tersi bar. Meselem sen doglan yylyny soramak islesen, sheyle etmeli:
cout << “Doglan yylyny aydayda gayrat etde?!” << endl;
cin >> doglan_yil;
cout << “Sag bol! Men hem ” << doglan_yil << “-nji yilda dogylan caga.” << endl;
cout << “Indi bolsa shu wagtky yyly ayt men sana nace yashymdadygymy aydayin :) ” << endl;
cin >> shu_yil;
cout << “Men ” << shu_yil-doglan_yil << “ yashymda!” << endl;
bir cin bilen kop sanysyny hem okamak mumkin,
Meselem:
cin >> a >> b >> c;
uc sany san a,b,c okayar
Nabellilerin beyleki gornushleri
int – bitin sanlar ucin.
double – Hakyky sanlar ucin, (meselem, agyrlyk=44.50; bahasy=40.35; )
char – yekeje harplar ucin.
Meselem,
char harp = 'A';
harp = 'Z';
Belliker: “z” dalde 'z' ulanmaly, sebabi “z” soz yali kabul edilyar.
string – yazgy saklamak ucin.#include<string> ulanmaly.
Olary hem goshyp bolyar.
Meselem;

C++ Programmirleme sapaklary (http://www.tmolympiad.org/)
string adym = “Atamyrat”;
string familiyam = “Hezretguliyev”;
string yazgy = “Menin adym ” adym + “. Familiyam bolsa ” + familiyam;
cout << yazgy << endl;
Koprak meselemler:
Bilmeli zatlar shujagaz. Owrenmek ucin bar etmeli zadynyz bizin programmalarymyzy okap dushunjek
bolmak we ozuniz yazyp gormek.
1. Iki sany goshmak.
int a,b;
cout << “2 sany san girsene kyn gormede ” << endl;
cin >> a >> b;
int jemi;
jemi = a+b;
cout << a << “+” << b << “=” << jemi;
2.
[GARALAMA – DRAFT]
Turkmenistan Bilim Olimpiyadalary
http://www.tmolympiad.org/